Each of these townships were sub-divided into thirty-six sections of one square mile (2.59 km²) or 640 acres. Land was systematically surveyed into square "Congressional" townships, six miles (9.656 km) on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 established the Public Land Survey System. the newer rectangular surveys (also known as Congressional township rectangular surveys) primarily used in federal land states.the older metes and bounds primarily used in state land states.
In the United States, depending on the state, one of two main survey systems have been used to determine the borders of property: It will be easier to find and understand the land records of ancestors if you learn something about the Public Lands Survey System and its records. Sections are organized into a 6 x 6 square to form each township. A township consists of 36 sections of one square mile each. In almost all these cases the land was surveyed and described as part of the Public Lands Survey System, which divided the land into Congressional townships on a township and range grid based on rectangular surveys. A metes-and-bounds description always ends back at the POB so that the tract being described is completely enclosed.The National Archives in Washington, DC has over 10 million land entry case files of individuals trying to obtain a private claim to some of the public land in 30 federal land states from 1820-1908. The boundaries are recorded by referring to linear measurements, natural and artificial landmarks (called monuments), and directions. From there, the surveyor proceeds around the property's boundaries. The POB is also the point at which the description ends. A metes-and-bounds description starts at a designated place on the parcel, called the point of beginning (POB). The method relies on a property's physical features to determine the boundaries and measurements of the parcel. Metes means to measure, and bounds means linear directions. The metes-and-bounds method of land description is the oldest found in the United States, and it was used in the original 13 colonies, as well as in those states that were being settled while the rectangular survey system was being developed. A method used to describe a parcel of land that begins at a well-marked point and follows the property's boundaries, using directions and distances around the tract, back to the place of beginning.
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